ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the sexual dimorphism in the mandibles of Jordanians and derive a population specific equation for sex prediction. The employed sample comprised 270 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of Jordanians (147 males and 123 females) aged 27-55 years. The images were rendered to 3D surface models, using customized software that provided various views for each mandible, on which measurements made of nine parameters (ramus height, right and left coronoids height, mandibular length, gonial angle, Intergonial breadth, Intercondylar breadth, mental and mandibular foramena) for the analysis of sex identification. The collected data sets were treated statistically using the Statistical Package SPSS version-21. Canonical discriminant function analysis was used to specify a parameter or combination of parameters that best separate the two sexes. Stepwise analysis together with leave-one-out classification procedure was applied (utilizing the Wilks lambda method), which identified six parameters that formed the best combination most precisely predicting sex. It also identified the predictors' coefficients from which a predictive equation for the Jordanian population was derived. The discriminant function group centroid discriminant scores for males and females and the sectioning cut-score were also defined. According to the equation, the function score for any set of measurements that is above the cut score is probably for a male individual whereas a score that was below the cut score is probably for a female subject.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el dimorfismo sexual en las mandíbulas de los jordanos y derivar una ecuación específica de la población para la predicción del sexo. La muestra consistió en 270 imágenes de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) de jordanos (147 hombres y 123 mujeres) con edades entre los 27 y 55 años. Las imágenes se representaron en modelos de superficie 3D, utilizando software personalizado que proporcionó varias imágenes para cada mandíbula, en las que se midieron nueve parámetros (altura de la rama, altura de los procesos coronoides derecho e izquierdo, longitud mandibular, ángulo gonial, amplitud intergonial, amplitud intercondilar y foramen mandibular) para el análisis de la identificación de sexo. Los conjuntos de datos recopilados se trataron estadísticamente utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS versión-21. El análisis de función discriminante canónica se utilizó para especificar un parámetro, o una combinación de parámetros que separaran mejor los dos sexos. Se aplicó el análisis por pasos junto con el procedimiento de clasificación de dejar salir uno (utilizando el método de Wilks lambda), que identificó seis parámetros que formaban la mejor combinación que predecía con mayor precisión el sexo. También se identificó los coeficientes de los predictores a partir de los cuales se obtuvo una ecuación predictiva para la población jordana. Se definieron además, los puntajes discriminantes centroide del grupo para hombres y mujeres, además del puntaje de corte seccional. De acuerdo con la ecuación, el puntaje de la función para cualquier conjunto de medidas que está por encima del puntaje de corte es probablemente para un individuo masculino, mientras que un puntaje que estaba por debajo del puntaje de corte, probablemente era femenino.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sex Characteristics , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Discriminant Analysis , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , JordanABSTRACT
Aims: Was to develop a gender determination technique for young Jordanian adult population. Study Design: using osteometric data, from Cephalometric images, and discriminate function analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Section of Clinical Dentistry of the Jordan University Hospital, between October 2013 and July 2014. Methodology: A total of 146 randomly selected digital lateral cephalometric radiographs of young Jordanian adult patients were employed in the investigation, 47 patients were males and 99 were females. For each lateral cephalometric radiograph, one observer using a customized analysis created in Viewbox 4-Cephalometric Software subroutines digitized 19 craniofacial skeletal landmarks. Utilizing the digitized landmarks, 18 measurements that comprised 14 linear, 3 angular and 1 proportional parameters were carried out. Results: The results demonstrated that, with the exception of the Menton to Gonion distance, i. e., the length of the mandibular body, the mean values of all other parameters of male subjects were statistically significantly larger (p<0.05) than those for females. Mastoid height was found to be the best single predictor of gender and can provide an accuracy rate of 82.2%. Using Stepwise method revealed four dimensions (mastoid height, mastoid width, glabella to supraglabellare-nasion distance, and the length of skull base)were found to form the best combination of parameters most precisely depict the best possible prediction, raising the classification accuracy up to 87.7%. Conclusion: A discriminant function equation specific for Jordanian population has also been derived from cranio-mandibular variables. The equation can now be used for a calculable and more precise prediction of gender of Jordanian young adult population.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Effect of composition of hybrid composites on their microleakage behavior was evaluated. Study Design: An invitro microleakage study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, between May 2012 and July 2013. Methodology: 160 Class V cavities were divided into four equal parts each restored with either “Spectrum”,“Admira”, “FilteckP90” or “Smart dentine replacement SDR”. Teeth were thermocycled, immersed in 1% methylene blue for four hours and sectioned buccolingually. AutoCAD software was used in delineating cavity outlines and depth of dye penetration. Data was treated using ANOVA, Turkey and t-tests at 95% confidence. Results: Spectrum displayed more intact interface at enamel margins than Filteck, P90 and Admira, similarly SDR interface to enamel was better than that of Admira® (p<0.05). The materials’ interface at the gingival wall was of comparable nature. Conclusion: Variations of materials’ type or location of Class V cavity, buccal or lingual, does not affect the tooth/restoration bond interface. AutoCAD software proved to be a powerful measurement tool and is recommended for microleakage studies.